Pickup Patterns

What are the different pickup patterns mentioned in the video?  How are each of them different from each other?  Why would these be needed?

    Pickup patterns mentioned in this were omnidirectional, cardioid, hypercardioid, supercardioid, lobar, and bidrectional. These are all different because they all pick up audio in different directions and patterns, some pick it up in one focus point while others will pick up from many different points on the mic. These would be needed for all the different types of audio needed, you don't want to use a interview/podcast mic when making a feature film because they have different pickup patterns.